Tensions Rise Between Brazil's Congress and Executive Over 2026 Budget and Supreme Court Appointments

The approval process of Brazil's 2026 budget law (LDO) is unfolding amid significant political tensions between Congress and President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration. At the heart of the conflict lies disputes over judicial nominations to the Supreme Federal Court (STF) and legislative negotiations on key budgetary measures.

Senate President Davi Alcolumbre publicly criticized the government's meddling in the vote on Jorge Messias's nomination as Attorney General to the STF, accusing sectors of the Executive of leveraging congressional support for government appointments. This episode signals an erosion of traditional norms, as the Senate historically has approved presidential STF nominees without public dispute. Alcolumbre remarked on the shifting political landscape: "The STF has evolved into a political entity," complicating the nomination process and calling for greater legislative participation.

Meanwhile, in the Chamber of Deputies, tensions revolve around the government's PL Antifacção proposal, which rapporteur Guilherme Derrite significantly altered. Chamber President Hugo Motta announced a break with PT leader Lindbergh Farias due to criticism from government allies, underscoring growing rifts within pro-government forces.

The government is eager to have the 2026 budget approved within the year to safeguard flagship electoral programs. However, the LDO still requires approval from both houses of Congress after the committee vote, posing a challenge amidst the strained relations.

These developments reveal increasing friction between Brazil's Executive and Legislature at a critical juncture, as the judiciary's politicization prompts Congress to seek a heightened voice in STF appointments, disrupting previous conventions. The dispute also reflects broader power negotiations in Brasília, potentially impacting governance and judicial independence.